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* '''You can take GCSE or IGCSE Maths as the GCSE does not involve controlled assessment''', no matter which board you choose.  
  
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* '''GCSE was the easier option in the past but isn't now''' - IGCSE covers more topics than the old GCSE. However, from Summer 2017, maths GCSE switched to the reformed version, graded 1-9. These are significantly harder than the old GCSEs. There are currently a few sets of past papers available for the new 1-9 GCSE as well as several commercially produced sets and specimen sets produced by the exam boards.
 
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* IGCSE maths is still available but the Edexcel specification changed to 9-1 grading from summer 2018 exams. There was little change in the syllabus, however.
  
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There is very little difference between the exam boards for maths GCSE, so choose whichever you can find a convenient exam centre for. The most popular (and perhaps the most straightforward to find exam centres and resources for) is Linear GCSE maths, but all options are discussed below.
  
   
  +
'''This page focuses on GCSE and IGCSE maths'''
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=== '''30-second version of this page:''' ===
  
−
CIE IGCSE maths still has the old specification.
  
   
  +
Other relevant pages:
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Edexcel IGCSE maths is 4MA1 and is now graded 9-1. However, the syllabus content has only changed slightly.
 
   
  +
[https://he-exams.wikia.org/wiki/Maths_Resources Maths Resources] - General and syllabus-specifc resources for maths (textbooks, online videos, courses).
−
The last sitting of Edexcel IGCSE specification 4MA0 was January 2018.
 
  +
* And a separate page for [https://he-exams.wikia.org/wiki/Resources_for_Edexcel_GCSE_Maths Resources for Edexcel GCSE maths]
  +
[https://he-exams.wikia.org/wiki/Maths_A-level Maths A and AS level]
   
  +
[https://he-exams.wikia.org/wiki/Further_and_Additional_Maths Further and Additional Maths]
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[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-33025782 How do the old and new GCSE maths compare for difficulty?] - new research (2015) on how current and new specs compare to foreign exams and IGCSE .
  
   
  +
[https://he-exams.wikia.org/wiki/Functional_Skills Functional Skills] (for those not able to achieve GCSE or IGCSE maths qualifications)
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[[Further and Additional Maths]] is a stepping-stone in between GCSE and AS-level; that now has its own page.
  
   
  +
== What maths decisions do I need to make? ==
−
[[Maths A-level|A-Level and AS-Level Maths]] has its own page.
  
  ⚫
#Which type of qualification - GCSE or IGCSE?
  ⚫
#Which tier -  foundation or higher?
  ⚫
#Which exam board?
  +
If you know which type of qualification and tier you want, you can scroll down to "Which Exam Board?"
   
  ⚫
== 1. GCSE or IGCSE Maths? ==
−
We have a page full of '''maths resources''' - useful, mostly free, maths sites, YouTube channels, and some paid-for resources like online courses. Please see [[Maths Resources]] .
  
   
  +
Home educated children can take GCSE or International GCSE (IGCSE) maths
⚫
== Maths Decisions ==
  
−
There are many options, but for those who just want to get a GCSE-level maths qualification with minimal hassle, the most popular choice is probably either GCSE Linear Maths, such as Edexcel 1MA1 or edexcel IGCSE (4MA1 from June 2018)
  
   
  +
'''<u>GCSE maths</u>:'''
⚫
*Which qualification?  GCSE or IGCSE? A-level?
  
  +
* changed to 9-1 grading from the summer 2017 exams. GCSE Maths used to be considered "easier", but now GCSE and IGCSE are of similar difficulty.
⚫
*Which tier?  Foundation or Higher?
  
  +
* Content is similar to IGCSE maths, but there are some topic differences.
   
  ⚫
* 3 x 1.5-hour papers. Paper 1 is a non calculator paper; the other papers allow the use of a calculator
⚫
*Which exam board?  Edexcel or AQA?
  
  +
* There is no formula sheet for any paper
  +
* Exams are available in the''' summer only''' (Exceptions: Over 16s can enter for Autumn sittings, if they are 16+ by the end of August that year )
  +
* GCSE maths is offered by several exam boards (eg AQA, OCR, Edexcel). There is little difference between the content for the different maths boards for GCSE, although exam paper/question style might differ slightly.
  +
'''<u>IGCSE maths</u>:'''
  +
* changed to 9-1 grading from Summer 2018 (Edexcel) and 2019 (Cambridge). Cambridge IGCSE has two identical syllabuses, one of which is 9-1 grading, the other is A*-G grading.
  +
* Content is similar to GCSE maths, but there are some topics which are not in GCSE maths.
  +
* Two papers. A calculator is allowed in both papers.
  +
* A formula sheet is supplied for Edexcel IGCSE, but not for Cambridge (CAIE) IGCSE maths.
  +
* Exams are''' '''available for''' October/November''' (Cambridge IGCSE),''' January '''(Edexcel IGCSE) and '''summer '''(Cambridge and Edexcel IGCSE)''' '''sittings.
  +
On the [https://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses/international-gcse-mathematics-a-2016.coursematerials.html#%2FfilterQuery=category:Pearson-UK:Category%2FTeaching-and-learning-materials Teaching and learning materials]' section of the Edexcel IGCSE maths page there is a mapping document comparing the Edexcel GCSE and IGCSE specifications.
   
  +
Still have questions? Ask on the [https://www.facebook.com/groups/HELinksUK.IGCSE/ Home Education UK Exams & Alternatives] group.
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*Which specification?  
  
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*A-level maths from home?
  
   
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== GCSE or IGCSE Maths? ==
 +
== 2. Foundation or Higher Tier? ==
  +
''(If you've already made this decision scroll down to "Which Exam Board?")''
−
GCSE maths is changing from the summer 2017 exams.
  
   
  ⚫
When entering the exam you have to choose whether the candidate is taking Foundation Tier or Higher Tier papers. The papers have different codes.
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From summer 2017 , GCSE maths will be the new syllabus graded 9-1. There won't be any past papers, just a set of specimen papers, which are examples of what the exam board intends to produce.
  
   
  ⚫
'''Foundation Tier'''
−
With the changeover to 1-9 GCSEs, many home educators are opting to sit IGCSE maths, since there are several years' worth of past papers available for practice and GCSE will not have that resource. GCSE Maths has, in the past, been considered the easiest way to get the qualification, but the consensus is that IGCSE is better preparation for A level as it includes calculus and some other topics which aren't in GCSE.  On the other hand, able students who have taken GCSE maths can cover this material later, or may do an Additional Maths qualification between GCSE and A-level. Many independent schools have switched to IGCSE. Some state schools put their top maths set in for GCSE maths in Year 10 and then IGCSE maths in Year 11.
  
  +
* Intended for students who''' struggle with maths '''or who '''just need a maths qualification''', and do not want to study maths or sciences at higher level.
  +
* '''The highest grade you can obtain at this tier is a 5.''' If your child wishes to do A levels at sixth form or college, do check if they will need a grade 6 or above to do so.
  +
* The mark needed to pass (ie get a grade 4/5) on the foundation exam papers is higher than for the higher tier papers, but the paper is designed to be accessible and to cover fewer topics, and so be less off-putting for students.
  +
'''Higher Tier''' 
  +
* Intended for students who want the chance to get a '''grade 6 or higher''', or who might wish to study maths or sciences at A level.
  +
* It requires a lower mark to pass (ie get a grade 4/5), but the subject material is harder, so you cannot directly compare the marks.  
  +
* If the student wishes to have any chance of studying maths at a higher level in future, they '''must''' take the higher tier. They may also need to obtain a grade 6 or above if they wish to study sciences or computing at most colleges and sixth forms. Do check the entry requirements for local colleges/sixth forms.
  ⚫
Although you can retake the exam at higher tier after passing at foundation level, in order to obtain a higher grade, generally students go straight for the most appropriate tier.
   
  +
[https://ofqual.blog.gov.uk/2019/01/15/gcse-tiering-decisions-for-summer-2019/ Ofqual's Advice January 2019]:
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In IGCSE maths, a calculator is allowed in both papers.  For GCSE maths, there is at least one non-calculator paper in each specification. However, the non-calculator questions will be designed to be manageable without a calculator, so you don't need to expect terrifying questions.
  
   
  +
"There is nothing on certificates that details the tier of entry. So a grade 4 on foundation tier has the same value and is indistinguishable from a grade 4 gained on the higher tier...Tiered exam papers have questions (usually around 20%) that are common to both foundation and higher tier. Exam boards use these to align standards between tiers, so '''it is no easier to get a grade on one tier than another...'''There is a ‘safety net’ grade on the higher tier, for those who just miss a grade 4 (4-4 on combined science) but it is narrower than a normal grade (typically about half the number of marks). If a student misses that, they will be ungraded...In general, a student whose target grade is a grade 4 or grade 5 should be entered for foundation tier. We know that some organisations recommend the opposite, but that puts students at risk of missing out on a grade."
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'''GCSE is available in the summer only''' (unless you are a resit candidate or are over 16), whereas''' IGCSE is available in the winter and summer sittings''' to external candidates, regardless of whether they've taken the exam before.
  
⚫
== Foundation or Higher Tier? ==
  
⚫
When entering the exam you have to choose whether the candidate is taking Foundation Tier or Higher Tier papers. The papers have different codes.  You '''choose one or the other''' - these courses are not intended for you to work through Foundation and then go on to Higher Tier. To do this would involve a lot of repetition and unnecessary work.
  
   
  +
[https://ofqual.blog.gov.uk/2017/02/10/gcse-maths-choosing-the-right-tier/ Ofqual 2017 advice on choosing the right GCSE maths tier]:
−
'''Foundation Tier is intended for students who struggle with maths''', or who simply need a maths qualification to satisfy a requirement, and do not want to study maths or sciences at higher level.  '''The highest grade you can obtain at this tier is a C.'''  Although the mark necessary to pass this paper is higher than for the Higher Tier papers, the paper is designed to be accessible and to cover fewer topics, and so to be less offputting for students. This means it may well be easier to gain, say, 75% on the Foundation tier than to get 30% on the Higher tier (numbers pulled out of a hat!).
  
   
  +
"There are two tiers: foundation and higher. Each tier is targeted at a range of the new numerical grades: 9 to 4 on the higher tier (with a ‘safety net’ grade 3 for students scoring a small number of marks below grade 4), and 5 to 1 on the foundation tier...Students can achieve grades 5 to 3 on both tiers, and the exam papers will include some questions that are the same on both tiers. This will help exam boards ensure that it is no more or less difficult to achieve the same grade on different tiers."
−
'''Higher Tier''' is for students who want the chance to get a grade B or higher, or who might wish to study maths or sciences at a later date. '''It requires a lower mark to pass but the subject material is harder, so you cannot directly compare the marks'''.  If the student wishes to have any chance of studying maths at a higher level in future, they must take the Higher tier. They may also need to obtain a Grade B or above if they wish to study sciences or Computing at most colleges.
  
   
  +
Edexcel have some information to help you decide [https://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-gcses/mathematics-2015/teaching-support/enhanced-tiering-support.html which tier to enter?]
⚫
Although you can retake the exam at Higher Tier after passing at Foundation level, in order to obtain a higher grade, generally students go straight for the most appropriate tier.
  
   
  +
=== Can you take both tiers? ===
−
Edexcel produce a document to help you decide [http://www.edexcel.com/quals/gcse/gcse10/maths/Pages/Guide-what-tier.aspx which tier to enter?]
  
  ⚫
Some home-ed families take both tiers.  However, you can't usually do this in the same exam season, because foundation and higher tier maths will be timetabled in the same slot.
   
  +
[[File:MAthsTierFlowchart4.jpg|thumb|691x691px]]
⚫
Some home-ed families take both tiers.  However, you can't usually do this in the same exam season, because Foundation and Higher tier maths will be timetabled in the same slot, on the assumption that nobody would do both.  There are ways round this, eg you could enter for Foundation IGCSE maths and Higher GCSE maths, or do IGCSE maths in the winter sitting and GCSE in the summer.
  
   
  +
=== Maths Tier Decision Tree ===
−
== Which board? Edexcel, CIE, OCR, EDUQAS or AQA? ==
  
  +
This decision tree was made by one home educator to help people choose the right tier for maths, but opinion is divided on the 'strategic' approach to taking Higher tier. If in doubt, try some past papers and see how you get on.
⚫
There is no consensus on which board is easiest or better in any way! There is very little to choose between them, so don't worry too much about this choice. If your choice of exam board is not determined by your exam centre, the best approach is to download some sample papers from each board and see which suits your child, and/or look at the materials available for each syllabus and see which your family prefers.
  
   
  +
_____________
⚫
For GCSE maths, the syllabus is dictated by the government and so there is little difference in topics or difficulty between boards. The number of resources e.g. commercially produced practice books and papers and online resources varies between boards. Currently the board with most available resources is Edexcel.
  
   
  +
== 3. Which exam board? ==
⚫
For IGCSE maths, there are some style and content differences between Edexcel and CIE.
  
  +
* There is no consensus on which exam board (AQA, Edexcel etc) is easiest or better, although some paper or question styles might suit your child better.
  +
* The most important thing is to find out what exam boards can be facilitated at your local exam centres, as this will determine which exam board your child can study.
  ⚫
* Once you know which exam boards can be facilitated at your exam centres, download some sample papers from each board and see which suits your child, and/or look at the textbooks and resources available for each syllabus and see which your family prefers.
  ⚫
For '''GCSE maths''', there are a range of exam boards available, including Edexcel, OCR and AQA. The syllabus is dictated by the government and so there is little difference in topics or difficulty between boards. The number of resources e.g. commercially produced practice books and papers and online resources varies between boards. Currently the board with most available resources is Edexcel.
   
  ⚫
For '''IGCSE maths''', you can choose between Cambridge and Edexcel. There are some style and content differences between them.
−
== <span style="font-size:24px;">Which specification for GCSE Maths?</span> ==
  
−
This relates to GCSE maths. For [[#IGCSE maths specifications|IGCSE maths specifications]], see below.
  
   
  +
== GCSE Maths Specifications ==
⚫
GCSE sittings are controlled by the government and are only available to all in the summer. The November sitting is restricted to students who were aged 16+ on 31 August before the exams.
  
  +
This relates to '''GCSE maths'''.
   
  +
'''For IGCSE maths specifications, scroll down.'''
⚫
=== '''Edexcel GCSE Maths''' ===
  
⚫
[http://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-gcses/mathematics-2015.html Edexcel GCSE Maths (2015) main page] - exams from summer 2017
  
   
  ⚫
GCSE sittings are controlled by the government and are only available to all in the summer. The November sitting is restricted to students who are aged 16+ on 31 August before the exams. One paper is a non calculator paper. The non-calculator questions are designed to be manageable without a calculator, so you don't need to expect terrifying questions.
⚫
Specification code 1MA1
  
   
  ⚫
=== '''Edexcel GCSE Maths (1MA1)''' ===
⚫
Exams from June 2017
  
  ⚫
[http://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-gcses/mathematics-2015.html Edexcel GCSE Maths (2015) page]
  ⚫
* Specification code 1MA1
  ⚫
* Exams from June 2017
  ⚫
* This exam is graded 9-1 and has higher and foundation tiers.
  ⚫
* Available bas foundation tier (grades 1 – 5) and higher tier (grades 4 – 9 but grade 3 allowed). Students must take three question papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season
  ⚫
* 3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Paper 1 is non-calculator, while papers 2 and 3 are calculator papers.
   
  +
For Textbooks and other resources for Edexcel GCSE maths, see [[Resources for Edexcel GCSE Maths]].
⚫
This exam is graded 9-1 and has Higher and Foundation tiers.
  
   
  ⚫
=== '''AQA GCSE Maths (8300)''' ===
⚫
Foundation tier (grades 1 – 5) and a Higher tier (grades 4 – 9 but grade 3 allowed). Students must take three question papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season
  
   
  ⚫
[http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/mathematics/gcse/mathematics-8300 AQA 9-1 GCSE Maths (2015) page]  
⚫
3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Paper 1 is non-calculator, while papers 2 and 3 are calculator papers.
  
  +
* Specification code 8300
  ⚫
* Exams from June 2017
  ⚫
* Available as foundation tier (grades 1 – 5) and higher tier (grades 4 – 9). Students must take three question papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season.
  +
* 3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Paper 1 is non-calculator, while papers 2 and 3 are calculator papers.
  ⚫
[http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/mathematics/gcse/mathematics-8300/specification-at-a-glance Summary of the specification] from AQA. 
   
−
[[Resources for Edexcel GCSE Maths]] - in order of progression.
 +
<u>Resources for AQA GCSE Maths</u>
   
  +
See the [https://he-exams.wikia.org/wiki/Maths_Resources Maths Resources page] for a list of AQA student textbooks, revision books and general resources.
⚫
=== '''AQA GCSE Maths''' ===
  
   
  ⚫
==='''OCR GCSE Maths (J560)'''===
⚫
[http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/mathematics/gcse/mathematics-8300 AQA 9-1 GCSE Maths (2015) page] - exams from Summer 2017.  
  
  ⚫
[http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/gcse/gcse-mathematics-j560-from-2015/ OCR 1-9 GCSE Maths (2015) page] ''' '''
⚫
* Exams from: June 2017
  
−
* Specification code: 8300
 +
* Specification code J560
  +
* Exams from summer 2017
⚫
GCSE Mathematics has a Foundation tier (grades 1 – 5) and a Higher tier (grades 4 – 9). Students must take three question papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season
  
  +
* Available as foundation tier (grades 1-5) and higher tier (grades 4-9). Students must take 3 papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season
  +
* 3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Foundation: Paper 2 is non-calculator, while papers 1 and 3 are calculator papers. Higher tier: Paper 5 is non-calculator, while papers 4 and 6 are calculator papers.
  ⚫
==='''EDUQAS 1-9 GCSE Maths'''===
  ⚫
[https://www.eduqas.co.uk/qualifications/mathematics-gcse/#tab_overview EDUQAS 1-9 GCSE Maths]''' '''
   
  +
This is the English version of the Welsh exam board syllabus WJEC. If you are considering this qualification, do check that you have an exam centre registered for the exam board.
⚫
3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Paper 1 is non-calculator, while papers 2 and 3 are calculator papers.
  
  +
* exams from summer 2017
−  
  +
* Foundation and higher tier available
⚫
[http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/mathematics/gcse/mathematics-8300/specification-at-a-glance Summary of the specification] from AQA. 
  
  +
* 2 papers, both 2 hours 15 minutes each: component 1 (non-calculator) and component 2 (calculator). Both components must be taken in the same exam season.
−  
⚫
==='''OCR GCSE Maths'''===
  
⚫
'''[http://www.ocr.org.uk/qualifications/gcse/gcse-mathematics-j560-from-2015/ OCR 1-9 GCSE Maths] - exams from summer 2017'''
  
⚫
==='''EDUQAS 1-9 GCSE Maths'''===
  
⚫
'''[http://www.eduqas.co.uk/qualifications/mathematics/gcse/ EDUQAS 1-9 GCSE Maths] - exams from summer 2017'''
  
   
  +
=== '''WJEC GCSE maths and GCSE maths - numeracy''' ===
  +
'''(For those living in Wales)''' See [https://www.qualificationswales.org/english/qualifications/gcses-and-a-levels/gcses/maths-and-maths-numeracy-gcse/ here] for more info about these qualifications. 3 tiers, 2 papers (paper 1 non-calculator; paper 2 calculator).
   
  +
[https://www.wjec.co.uk/qualifications/mathematics-gcse/#tab_overview WJEC GCSE maths -numeracy] - '''Only available in Wales.''' "GCSE in Maths Numeracy will assesses the mathematics that learners will need in their everyday lives, the world of work and other general curriculum areas"
   
  +
[https://www.wjec.co.uk/qualifications/mathematics-gcse/#tab_overview WJEC GCSE maths] - for those in Wales. (Eduqas is the eqivalent to WJEC in England). "GCSE in Maths will extend to aspects of mathematics needed for progression to scientific, technical or further mathematical study."
   
 
== IGCSE Maths Specifications ==
  
== IGCSE Maths Specifications ==
−
The term "Certificate" is still to be found on some old IGCSE/Edexcel Certificate past papers- but the option to enter the "certificate" versions ( which did apply to UK schools) no longer exists.  
  
   
−
=== '''Edexcel International GCSE Maths''' ===
 +
=== '''Edexcel International GCSE (IGCSE) Maths A (4MA1)''' ===
  +
[https://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses/international-gcse-mathematics-a-2016.html Edexcel IGCSE maths A] specification, exam resources and teaching and learning materials (use the options on the left of the page to select).
  ⚫
* Edexcel offer IGCSE Maths A and B. '''Specification A is the one most commonly taken in the UK. '''(Specification B is mainly taken overseas and far fewer good grades are awarded).  
  +
* 9-1 grading, for exams from summer 2018.  
  +
* This [https://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses-and-edexcel-certificates/international-gcse-mathematics-a-2016.coursematerials.html#filterQuery=Pearson-UK:Category%2FTeaching-and-learning-materials mapping document] [Dead link, trying to find a new link] shows the changes from the old syllabus 4MA0 to the new 4MA1. The main difference is a move from A*-G grading to 9-1 grading; a small increase in the number and algebra assessment objective weighting; more questions on problem-solving and mathematical reasoning and a revised formulae sheet.  
  +
* Available as foundation tier (papers 1F and 2F; grades 1-5) and higher tier (papers 1H and 2H; grades 4-9). Questions on the higher tier will assume knowledge from the foundation tier subject content.  
  +
* 2 x 2-hour papers. All are calculator papers.    
  ⚫
<u>Resources for Edexcel IGCSE Maths</u>
   
  +
See the [https://he-exams.wikia.org/wiki/Maths_Resources maths resources page] for a list of Edexcel IGCSE student textbooks, revision books and general resources.
⚫
Edexcel offer IGCSE Maths A and B.  '''Specification A is the one most commonly taken in the UK.  Specification B is considered more difficult.'''
  
   
  +
Some teacher resources are available on the [https://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses/international-gcse-mathematics-a-2016.html Edexcel IGCSE maths specification page].
−
'''Edexcel IGCSE maths is changing for exams from summer 2018, but the changes planned are minor and mainly it's a move to the 9-1 grading system'''. The last sitting of the current specification, graded A*-G, will be January 2018. Although this is described as a 'resit opportunity', Edexcel have confirmed that first-time candidates can take the exam at this time, but there will be no opportunity to resit it after that.
  
  +
=== '''Cambridge (CAIE) International GCSE Maths''' ===
  ⚫
[http://www.cie.org.uk/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-igcse-mathematics-0580/ CIE IGCSE Maths 0580] and [https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-igcse-mathematics-9-1-0980/ 0980]
  +
* 0580 and 0980 are identical syllabuses and exams, but the grading for 0580 is A*-G and 0980 is 9-1. Some exam centres will only allow candidates to register for 0980. 
   
  +
* Available as core ( grades 1-5) or extended (grades 4-9) tiers. Core is paper 1 (1 hour) and 3 (2 hours);extended is paper 2 (1 hour 30 mins) and 4 ( 2 hours 30 mins) 
−
[https://qualifications.pearson.com/content/dam/pdf/International%20GCSE/General/pearson-edexcel-international-gcse-9-1-maths-guide-0317.pdf Guide to Edexcel International GCSE Maths from 2016] - useful guide comparing the Maths A, Maths B, and Further Pure specifications and confirming when first and last exams will be held.
  
   
  +
* All papers allow a calculator  
−
[http://www.edexcel.com/quals/igcse/igcse09/maths/mathsA/Pages/default.aspx Edexcel's IGCSE Maths A 4MA0]
  
   
  +
==== Resources for Cambridge (CAIE) IGCSE Maths ====
−
<nowiki> </nowiki>There will be some small changes to the specification for exams from 2018.The new spec is called 4MA1. [http://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses-and-edexcel-certificates/international-gcse-mathematics-a-2009.news.html?article=%2Fcontent%2Fdemo%2Fen%2Fnews-policy%2Fqualifications%2Finternational-gcses%2Fmathematics%2FPlanned-changes-to-International-GCSE-Mathematics-for-UK-and-International-centres-latest-news Edexcel's website] offers the following overview:
  
  +
(Currently updating)
   
  +
<u>Textbooks for CAIE IGCSE maths</u>
−
=== "Mathematics A ===
  
−
* A move from the current A*–G to the new 9–1 grading structure
  
−
* Some minor additions to the content assessed at each tier to reflect this new 9–1 grading structure
  
−
* A small increase in the Number & Algebra assessment objective weighting at the expense of Statistics
  
−
* A few more questions on problem-solving and mathematical reasoning
  
−
* A revised formulae sheet at each tier.
  
−
Beyond the above, we are not changing how we assess the International GCSE Mathematics Specification A, which will continue to have two tiers of entry and two × two-hour calculator papers."
  
   
  +
You will only need one of these. It is worth checking whether answers to all the questions are provided in the book or are needed to be sourced elsewhere. For further advice and recommendations ask on the [https://www.facebook.com/groups/HELinksUK.IGCSE/ HE exams and alternatives group] You can usually get an idea of layout by using the 'look inside' feature on Amazon.
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[[http://pearsonwbl.edexcel.com/quals/igcse/edexcel-certificate/maths/Pages/default.aspx Edexcel Certificate IGCSE maths KMA0] -no longer available.
  
   
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<u>Workbooks and Revision books for CAIE IGCSE maths</u>
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The [http://www.edexcel.com/quals/igcse/igcse09/maths/mathsB/Pages/default.aspx Maths B IGCSE page] states:
  
   
  ⚫
== General Maths Resources ==
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<blockquote>The International GCSE from 2009 Mathematics B (4MB0) specification is based on the legacy O level Mathematics Syllabus B (7361) specification</blockquote>
  
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==== '''Resources for Edexcel IGCSE Maths''' ====
  
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Edexcel provide lots of resources for teachers. They have a collection of Mapping Documents which compare the old specification IGCSE to the new specification, and comparing the new GCSE to the new IGCSE. You can find all these on <a href="//www.pastpapersz.com/">Edexcel Past Papers</a>
  
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[http://www.amazon.co.uk/GCSE-Mathematics-Edexcel-2010-Student/dp/1846900832/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1365257863&sr=8-1&keywords=edexcel+gcse+maths+student+book Edexcel GCSE Maths A Student Book] A bit short on content compared to the usual standard.
  
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[http://www.amazon.co.uk/IGCSE-Mathematics-Edexcel-Certificate-Specification/dp/1444138227/ref=sr_1_16?ie=UTF8&qid=1365259244&sr=8-16&keywords=edexcel+igcse+maths+student+book IGCSE Mathematics for Edexcel by Alan Smith] An independent textbook which many home educators consider more thorough than Edexcel's own book. Answers are on the included CD-Rom, but you can also access this [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3yja89lYiciTnpBT3ZIQl9lSzA/edit?usp=sharing backup copy of the Answers for Alan Smith IGCSE Mathematics for Edexcel]
  
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"We found the book much more thorough than Edexcel's own textbook, unusually, with clear explanations and lots of practice questions."
  
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Another view:
  
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"We have just bought the Alan Smith book as it was so highly recommended but I can't see anything that sets it above the Collins or Oxford editions. It does seem to have a lot of 'white paper' i.e. empty space on the page as though it is formatted for a different size paper.   There are a lot of number problems and, compared to the other books, not many word problems.  The explanations appear no more detailed than the other books.   We'll be sending it back."
  
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=== '''CIE IGCSE Maths''' ===
  
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[[http://www.cie.org.uk/programmes-and-qualifications/cambridge-igcse-mathematics-0580/ CIE IGCSE Maths 0580]]
  
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This is graded A*-G and there have been no announcements that it will change soon, so it is unlikely to change before 2019 at the earliest. 
  
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This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge InternationalLevel 1/Level 2 Certificate (QN: 500/5655/4).  In many centres, UK candidates are automatically entered for the Certificate version rather than the IGCSE.  The only difference is the code for entries and the title which appears on the certificate.   
  
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== Maths Resources ==
  
 
We have a page full of '''maths resources''' - useful, mostly free, maths sites, YouTube channels, and some paid-for resources like online courses. Please see [[Maths Resources]] .   
  
We have a page full of '''maths resources''' - useful, mostly free, maths sites, YouTube channels, and some paid-for resources like online courses. Please see [[Maths Resources]] .   
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== Textbooks for GCSE / IGCSE Maths ==
  
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Choose your textbook according to whether it is GCSE/IGCSE and the board eg search for 'edexcel gcse maths 2015 Student Book' or 'cie igcse maths Student Book' on Amazon. Note that a 'Student book' is a complete textbook offering full explanation and enough practice to be a complete course, whereas a 'Revision guide' is intended merely to supplement a course taught elsewhere.  High street shops normally only stock Revision Guides, but you can order Student Books online.  Check whether full answers are available for Student Books, as some publishers only make these available in their hugely expensive Teacher's Guides, while others make all answers freely available online or in a free CD-ROM.  Edexcel will always provide answers to their own textbooks; experience on the HE Exams group has been that other publishers may also provide them if you explain your predicament.
  
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[http://www.amazon.co.uk/GCSE-Mathematics-Edexcel-2010-Student/dp/1846900832/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1365257863&sr=8-1&keywords=edexcel+gcse+maths+student+book Edexcel GCSE Maths A Student Book] A bit short on content compared to the usual standard.
  
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[http://www.amazon.co.uk/IGCSE-Mathematics-Edexcel-Certificate-Specification/dp/1444138227/ref=sr_1_16?ie=UTF8&qid=1365259244&sr=8-16&keywords=edexcel+igcse+maths+student+book IGCSE Mathematics for Edexcel by Alan Smith] An independent textbook which many home educators consider more thorough than Edexcel's own book. Answers are on the included CD-Rom, but you can also access this [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3yja89lYiciTnpBT3ZIQl9lSzA/edit?usp=sharing backup copy of the Answers for Alan Smith IGCSE Mathematics for Edexcel]
  
−  
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"We found the book much more thorough than Edexcel's own textbook, unusually, with clear explanations and lots of practice questions."
  
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Another view:
  
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"We have just bought the Alan Smith book as it was so highly recommended but I can't see anything that sets it above the Collins or Oxford editions. It does seem to have a lot of 'white paper' i.e. empty space on the page as though it is formatted for a different size paper.   There are a lot of number problems and, compared to the other books, not many word problems.  The explanations appear no more detailed than the other books.   We'll be sending it back."
  
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[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Collins-IGCSE-Maths-Cambridge-Student/dp/0007410182/ref=sr_1_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1368731098&sr=1-4&keywords=collins+igcse+revision+maths Collins CIE IGCSE Maths Student Book] Complete textbook for the course, but note that book only includes answers to practice questions; for the exam-style revision questions, the answers are in the teacher's guide which has to be bought separately at around £100! It may be possible to obtain them from the publisher but we have no information on whether they will provide it at present.
  
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[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Collins-IGCSE-Maths-Cambridge-Revision/dp/000745127X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1368035475&sr=1-1&keywords=collins+igcse+revision+maths Collins CIE IGCSE Maths Revision Workbook]<br />"The Revision book has 120 pages of very readable revision at the front of the book and then 200 pages of 'workbook' at the back, with space to work the answers etc.    The answers to the problems are in the back of the book.   This book presumes you have either finished the course or have the textbook.  I doubt it could be used as a stand-alone book for teaching the course, although if you are also using Stuckonhomework or Conquer Maths it may be enough."
  
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[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Collins-Revision-Maths-Edexcel-Higher/dp/0007340990/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1368037398&sr=1-1&keywords=9780007340996 Collins Edexcel GCSE Maths A Revision Workbook]  Edexcel *workbook* for GCSE A (note GCSE, not IGCSE).
  
   
 
== What next after GCSE maths? ==
  
== What next after GCSE maths? ==
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*The Man Who Knew Infinity (Ramanujan)
  
*The Man Who Knew Infinity (Ramanujan)
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== ==

Revision as of 14:00, 16 June 2021

This page focuses on GCSE and IGCSE maths

Other relevant pages:

Maths Resources - General and syllabus-specifc resources for maths (textbooks, online videos, courses).

Maths A and AS level

Further and Additional Maths

Functional Skills (for those not able to achieve GCSE or IGCSE maths qualifications)

What maths decisions do I need to make?

  1. Which type of qualification - GCSE or IGCSE?
  2. Which tier -  foundation or higher?
  3. Which exam board?

If you know which type of qualification and tier you want, you can scroll down to "Which Exam Board?"

1. GCSE or IGCSE Maths?

Home educated children can take GCSE or International GCSE (IGCSE) maths

GCSE maths:

  • changed to 9-1 grading from the summer 2017 exams. GCSE Maths used to be considered "easier", but now GCSE and IGCSE are of similar difficulty.
  • Content is similar to IGCSE maths, but there are some topic differences.
  • 3 x 1.5-hour papers. Paper 1 is a non calculator paper; the other papers allow the use of a calculator
  • There is no formula sheet for any paper
  • Exams are available in the summer only (Exceptions: Over 16s can enter for Autumn sittings, if they are 16+ by the end of August that year )
  • GCSE maths is offered by several exam boards (eg AQA, OCR, Edexcel). There is little difference between the content for the different maths boards for GCSE, although exam paper/question style might differ slightly.

IGCSE maths:

  • changed to 9-1 grading from Summer 2018 (Edexcel) and 2019 (Cambridge). Cambridge IGCSE has two identical syllabuses, one of which is 9-1 grading, the other is A*-G grading.
  • Content is similar to GCSE maths, but there are some topics which are not in GCSE maths.
  • Two papers. A calculator is allowed in both papers.
  • A formula sheet is supplied for Edexcel IGCSE, but not for Cambridge (CAIE) IGCSE maths.
  • Exams are available for October/November (Cambridge IGCSE), January (Edexcel IGCSE) and summer (Cambridge and Edexcel IGCSE) sittings.

On the Teaching and learning materials' section of the Edexcel IGCSE maths page there is a mapping document comparing the Edexcel GCSE and IGCSE specifications.

Still have questions? Ask on the Home Education UK Exams & Alternatives group.

2. Foundation or Higher Tier?

(If you've already made this decision scroll down to "Which Exam Board?")

When entering the exam you have to choose whether the candidate is taking Foundation Tier or Higher Tier papers. The papers have different codes.

Foundation Tier

  • Intended for students who struggle with maths or who just need a maths qualification, and do not want to study maths or sciences at higher level.
  • The highest grade you can obtain at this tier is a 5. If your child wishes to do A levels at sixth form or college, do check if they will need a grade 6 or above to do so.
  • The mark needed to pass (ie get a grade 4/5) on the foundation exam papers is higher than for the higher tier papers, but the paper is designed to be accessible and to cover fewer topics, and so be less off-putting for students.

Higher Tier 

  • Intended for students who want the chance to get a grade 6 or higher, or who might wish to study maths or sciences at A level.
  • It requires a lower mark to pass (ie get a grade 4/5), but the subject material is harder, so you cannot directly compare the marks.  
  • If the student wishes to have any chance of studying maths at a higher level in future, they must take the higher tier. They may also need to obtain a grade 6 or above if they wish to study sciences or computing at most colleges and sixth forms. Do check the entry requirements for local colleges/sixth forms.

Although you can retake the exam at higher tier after passing at foundation level, in order to obtain a higher grade, generally students go straight for the most appropriate tier.

Ofqual's Advice January 2019:

"There is nothing on certificates that details the tier of entry. So a grade 4 on foundation tier has the same value and is indistinguishable from a grade 4 gained on the higher tier...Tiered exam papers have questions (usually around 20%) that are common to both foundation and higher tier. Exam boards use these to align standards between tiers, so it is no easier to get a grade on one tier than another...There is a ‘safety net’ grade on the higher tier, for those who just miss a grade 4 (4-4 on combined science) but it is narrower than a normal grade (typically about half the number of marks). If a student misses that, they will be ungraded...In general, a student whose target grade is a grade 4 or grade 5 should be entered for foundation tier. We know that some organisations recommend the opposite, but that puts students at risk of missing out on a grade."

Ofqual 2017 advice on choosing the right GCSE maths tier:

"There are two tiers: foundation and higher. Each tier is targeted at a range of the new numerical grades: 9 to 4 on the higher tier (with a ‘safety net’ grade 3 for students scoring a small number of marks below grade 4), and 5 to 1 on the foundation tier...Students can achieve grades 5 to 3 on both tiers, and the exam papers will include some questions that are the same on both tiers. This will help exam boards ensure that it is no more or less difficult to achieve the same grade on different tiers."

Edexcel have some information to help you decide which tier to enter?

Can you take both tiers?

Some home-ed families take both tiers.  However, you can't usually do this in the same exam season, because foundation and higher tier maths will be timetabled in the same slot.

MAthsTierFlowchart4

Maths Tier Decision Tree

This decision tree was made by one home educator to help people choose the right tier for maths, but opinion is divided on the 'strategic' approach to taking Higher tier. If in doubt, try some past papers and see how you get on.

_____________

3. Which exam board?

  • There is no consensus on which exam board (AQA, Edexcel etc) is easiest or better, although some paper or question styles might suit your child better.
  • The most important thing is to find out what exam boards can be facilitated at your local exam centres, as this will determine which exam board your child can study.
  • Once you know which exam boards can be facilitated at your exam centres, download some sample papers from each board and see which suits your child, and/or look at the textbooks and resources available for each syllabus and see which your family prefers.

For GCSE maths, there are a range of exam boards available, including Edexcel, OCR and AQA. The syllabus is dictated by the government and so there is little difference in topics or difficulty between boards. The number of resources e.g. commercially produced practice books and papers and online resources varies between boards. Currently the board with most available resources is Edexcel.

For IGCSE maths, you can choose between Cambridge and Edexcel. There are some style and content differences between them.

GCSE Maths Specifications

This relates to GCSE maths.

For IGCSE maths specifications, scroll down.

GCSE sittings are controlled by the government and are only available to all in the summer. The November sitting is restricted to students who are aged 16+ on 31 August before the exams. One paper is a non calculator paper. The non-calculator questions are designed to be manageable without a calculator, so you don't need to expect terrifying questions.

Edexcel GCSE Maths (1MA1)

Edexcel GCSE Maths (2015) page

  • Specification code 1MA1
  • Exams from June 2017
  • This exam is graded 9-1 and has higher and foundation tiers.
  • Available bas foundation tier (grades 1 – 5) and higher tier (grades 4 – 9 but grade 3 allowed). Students must take three question papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season
  • 3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Paper 1 is non-calculator, while papers 2 and 3 are calculator papers.

For Textbooks and other resources for Edexcel GCSE maths, see Resources for Edexcel GCSE Maths.

AQA GCSE Maths (8300)

AQA 9-1 GCSE Maths (2015) page  

  • Specification code 8300
  • Exams from June 2017
  • Available as foundation tier (grades 1 – 5) and higher tier (grades 4 – 9). Students must take three question papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season.
  • 3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Paper 1 is non-calculator, while papers 2 and 3 are calculator papers.

Summary of the specification from AQA. 

Resources for AQA GCSE Maths

See the Maths Resources page for a list of AQA student textbooks, revision books and general resources.

OCR GCSE Maths (J560)

OCR 1-9 GCSE Maths (2015) page

  • Specification code J560
  • Exams from summer 2017
  • Available as foundation tier (grades 1-5) and higher tier (grades 4-9). Students must take 3 papers at the same tier. All question papers must be taken in the same exam season
  • 3 papers, each 1 hour 30 minutes. Foundation: Paper 2 is non-calculator, while papers 1 and 3 are calculator papers. Higher tier: Paper 5 is non-calculator, while papers 4 and 6 are calculator papers.

EDUQAS 1-9 GCSE Maths

EDUQAS 1-9 GCSE Maths

This is the English version of the Welsh exam board syllabus WJEC. If you are considering this qualification, do check that you have an exam centre registered for the exam board.

  • exams from summer 2017
  • Foundation and higher tier available
  • 2 papers, both 2 hours 15 minutes each: component 1 (non-calculator) and component 2 (calculator). Both components must be taken in the same exam season.

WJEC GCSE maths and GCSE maths - numeracy

(For those living in Wales) See here for more info about these qualifications. 3 tiers, 2 papers (paper 1 non-calculator; paper 2 calculator).

WJEC GCSE maths -numeracy - Only available in Wales. "GCSE in Maths Numeracy will assesses the mathematics that learners will need in their everyday lives, the world of work and other general curriculum areas"

WJEC GCSE maths - for those in Wales. (Eduqas is the eqivalent to WJEC in England). "GCSE in Maths will extend to aspects of mathematics needed for progression to scientific, technical or further mathematical study."

IGCSE Maths Specifications

Edexcel International GCSE (IGCSE) Maths A (4MA1)

Edexcel IGCSE maths A specification, exam resources and teaching and learning materials (use the options on the left of the page to select).

  • Edexcel offer IGCSE Maths A and B. Specification A is the one most commonly taken in the UK. (Specification B is mainly taken overseas and far fewer good grades are awarded).  
  • 9-1 grading, for exams from summer 2018.  
  • This mapping document [Dead link, trying to find a new link] shows the changes from the old syllabus 4MA0 to the new 4MA1. The main difference is a move from A*-G grading to 9-1 grading; a small increase in the number and algebra assessment objective weighting; more questions on problem-solving and mathematical reasoning and a revised formulae sheet.  
  • Available as foundation tier (papers 1F and 2F; grades 1-5) and higher tier (papers 1H and 2H; grades 4-9). Questions on the higher tier will assume knowledge from the foundation tier subject content.  
  • 2 x 2-hour papers. All are calculator papers.    

Resources for Edexcel IGCSE Maths

See the maths resources page for a list of Edexcel IGCSE student textbooks, revision books and general resources.

Some teacher resources are available on the Edexcel IGCSE maths specification page.

Cambridge (CAIE) International GCSE Maths

CIE IGCSE Maths 0580 and 0980

  • 0580 and 0980 are identical syllabuses and exams, but the grading for 0580 is A*-G and 0980 is 9-1. Some exam centres will only allow candidates to register for 0980. 
  • Available as core ( grades 1-5) or extended (grades 4-9) tiers. Core is paper 1 (1 hour) and 3 (2 hours);extended is paper 2 (1 hour 30 mins) and 4 ( 2 hours 30 mins) 
  • All papers allow a calculator  

Resources for Cambridge (CAIE) IGCSE Maths

(Currently updating)

Textbooks for CAIE IGCSE maths

You will only need one of these. It is worth checking whether answers to all the questions are provided in the book or are needed to be sourced elsewhere. For further advice and recommendations ask on the HE exams and alternatives group You can usually get an idea of layout by using the 'look inside' feature on Amazon.

Workbooks and Revision books for CAIE IGCSE maths

General Maths Resources

We have a page full of maths resources - useful, mostly free, maths sites, YouTube channels, and some paid-for resources like online courses. Please see Maths Resources .   

What next after GCSE maths?

Additional Maths / Further Maths / FSMQ - see separate page on Further and Additional Maths, and other ways to make use of the time between GCSE and A-level maths.

Other Maths Activities

UKMT Individual Challenges and mentoring materials. The UKMT material is good because it's fresh and a different approach from standard 'textbook' maths.  See above for links.

The Problem Solver's Handbook, from UKMT

The Art of Problem Solving books, also from UKMT - these would probably be good for the proofs you're after, and it's an international approach so may work well with what your son has already used.

Project Euler - maths problems combined with programming problems - https://projecteuler.net/

"Project Euler is a series of challenging mathematical/computer programming problems that will require more than just mathematical insights to solve. Although mathematics will help you arrive at elegant and efficient methods, the use of a computer and programming skills will be required to solve most problems."

Vedic Maths - DS1 enjoyed learning lots of shortcuts with this approach.  I wouldn't get too carried away with stories of its heritage because that part is probably made up - they are maths tricks, but useful ones and apparently very efficient.  See http://blogannath.blogspot.co.uk/2009/06/introduction-to-vedic-mathematics.html?m=1

The following books were recommended by a maths whizz on the HE-Exams list as being good material for mathsy teens, and the sort of thing which might be good to discuss at interviews:

  • James Gleick's book on chaos
  • Euclid's Elements
  • Principia
  • Ian Stewart's Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities
  • C J Bradley's Introduction to Number Theory
  • Surely You're Joking Mr Feynman
  • The Man Who Loved Only Numbers
  • The Man Who Knew Infinity (Ramanujan)

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